NORTH VS. SOUTH economy |
Describe how the North and South developed different economic systems that led to political differences:
NORTH
1. The institution of slavery was almost universally prohibited by the 1800's. The Emancipation Proclamation would eliminate slavery, but for the first half of the century, the issue divided the North and South. The North's society enabled industrialization. They produced 97% of the country's firearms and almost the same percent of iron. The opportunities of industrialization attracted European immigrants which led to building major cities in the North.
2. The labor forces were forces were expensive, and the workers were mobile and active.
3. A Republican view of democracy - In addition, abolitionism was much more common.
4. Unlike the South, the North was never in favor of the Annexation of Texas.
NORTH
1. The institution of slavery was almost universally prohibited by the 1800's. The Emancipation Proclamation would eliminate slavery, but for the first half of the century, the issue divided the North and South. The North's society enabled industrialization. They produced 97% of the country's firearms and almost the same percent of iron. The opportunities of industrialization attracted European immigrants which led to building major cities in the North.
2. The labor forces were forces were expensive, and the workers were mobile and active.
3. A Republican view of democracy - In addition, abolitionism was much more common.
4. Unlike the South, the North was never in favor of the Annexation of Texas.
SOUTH
- The idea and act of approval of slavery in the South was one of the causes most responsible for the Civil War.
- The South's slave economy supported agriculture - 80% of Southerners were employed in the agriculture business.
- Because the Southern economy was built on African-American slaves, their labor was forced and cheap work.
- Throughout the 1800's the South remained loyal to the Democratic political party.
- After the war former Confederate states created their own pension systems, but unlike the North they did this without the financial resources from the government.
COMPROMISE OF 1850
Explain the Compromise of 1850 and analyze its effects:
The Compromise of 1850 consisted of five laws passed in September of 1850 that dealt with the issue of slavery. In 1849 California requested permission to enter the Union as a free state, which could have potentially upset the balance between the free and slave states in the U.S. Senate. Senator Henry Clay introduced a resolution on January 29, 1850, in an attempt to seek a compromise and avoid any futhermore problems between North and South. As part of the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was amended and the slave trade in Washington, D.C., was ridden of. California finally entered the Union as a free state. |
EFFECTS OF THE COMPROMISEThe effects included:
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CIVIL WAR
Explain at least five reasons causing the Civil War:
Dred Scott Decision - Dred Scott first went to trial to sue for his freedom in 1847. Ten years later, after appeals and court reversals, his case was brought before the United States Supreme Court. The court decided that all people of African ancestry -- slaves as well as those who were free -- could never become citizens of the United States and could not sue in federal court. The court also ruled that the federal government did not have the power to prohibit slavery in its territories. Scott remained a slave. Between 1847 and 1856 Scott's case was retried and freed his family, two years later the Missouri Supreme Court stepped in reversing the ruling. The justices of the Supreme Court of 1856 had biases regarding slavery. Seven had been appointed by pro-slavery presidents from the South, and of these, five were from slave-holding families. But, in Dred Scott's attempt to bring his case to the federal courts, Scott had claimed that he and the case's defendant were citizens from different states. The main issues for the Supreme Court were whether it had jurisdiction to try the case and whether Scott was really a citizen. The decision of the court was read in March of 1857. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney -- a supporter of slavery -- wrote the "majority opinion" for the court. It stated that because Scott was black, he was not a citizen and had no right to sue like the court had decided before. The decision also declared the Missouri Compromise of 1820, stating restricted slavery in certain territories was unconstitutional.
Slavery - As America began to expand with the lands gained from the Louisiana Purchase and later with the Mexican War, the question was whether new states admitted to the union would be pro slavery or free states. The Missouri Compromise passed in 1820 made a rule that prohibited slavery in states from the former Louisiana Purchase except in Missouri. During the Mexican War, conflict started about what would happen with the new territories that the US expected to gain if they were to win. The Missouri Compromise stated that anything above the Missouri state line would be free and anything below would be slave states. Next came the Annexation of Texas from Mexico. The Mexican-American War had major battles like the Alamo. However, Northerners did not want Texas to be accepted by the Union. Texas would be below the Missouri state line, which would make it a slave state and move slavery westward. The Kansas-Nebraska Act used popular sovereignty to decide whether or not they would be slave states, this act was shortly later passed by Congress. After Abraham Lincoln was elected as president South Carolina saw Lincoln's election as a change in power among the Union. Lincoln was a Northerner which put the south at a disadvantage to the south. South Carolina knew that once Northern power would come into play, slavery would end. This would put a complete stop to the South's economy. Because of this, South Carolina left the Union. Later, every other southern state would follow this trend contributing to the start of the war.
Northern vs. Southern economic differences - The increase in the number of plantations willing to move from other crops to cotton meant the greater need for a large amount of cheap labor: slaves. The southern economy became a one crop economy, depending on cotton and slavery. On the other hand, the northern economy was based more on industry than agriculture. Northern industries were purchasing the raw cotton and turning it into finished goods. This difference between the two set them far apart in economic attitudes. The South was based on the plantation system while the North was focused on city life. This change in the North meant that society evolved as people of different cultures and classes had to work together. On the other hand, the South continued to hold onto a social order of owners - slaves.
Uncle Tom's Cabin - Harriett Beecher Stowe had a goal while writing the famous Uncle Tom's Cabin: She wanted to portray the evils of slavery so a large part of the American public could easily see perspectives others hadn't. There were portrayals of how slaves were treated by their masters, some of whom were kind and some of whom were cruel. Stowe’s plot explained how slavery operated as a business. The buying and selling of humans provided major unexpected stories, and a particular focus on how the traffic in slaves separated families. Uncle Tom’s Cabin was first published in installments in a magazine. When it appeared as a book in 1852, it sold thousands of copies in the first year of publication. In the South, some states agreed it was illegal to even own a copy of the book. In southern newspapers Harriet Beecher Stowe was regularly portrayed as a liar and a villain, and feelings about her book hardened feelings against the North.
Election of Abraham Lincoln - When Lincoln was elected in 1860, South Carolina issued its “Declaration of the Causes of Secession.” They believed that Lincoln was anti-slavery and in favor of Northern interests. Before Lincoln was even president, seven states had seceded from the Union: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas.
Dred Scott Decision - Dred Scott first went to trial to sue for his freedom in 1847. Ten years later, after appeals and court reversals, his case was brought before the United States Supreme Court. The court decided that all people of African ancestry -- slaves as well as those who were free -- could never become citizens of the United States and could not sue in federal court. The court also ruled that the federal government did not have the power to prohibit slavery in its territories. Scott remained a slave. Between 1847 and 1856 Scott's case was retried and freed his family, two years later the Missouri Supreme Court stepped in reversing the ruling. The justices of the Supreme Court of 1856 had biases regarding slavery. Seven had been appointed by pro-slavery presidents from the South, and of these, five were from slave-holding families. But, in Dred Scott's attempt to bring his case to the federal courts, Scott had claimed that he and the case's defendant were citizens from different states. The main issues for the Supreme Court were whether it had jurisdiction to try the case and whether Scott was really a citizen. The decision of the court was read in March of 1857. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney -- a supporter of slavery -- wrote the "majority opinion" for the court. It stated that because Scott was black, he was not a citizen and had no right to sue like the court had decided before. The decision also declared the Missouri Compromise of 1820, stating restricted slavery in certain territories was unconstitutional.
Slavery - As America began to expand with the lands gained from the Louisiana Purchase and later with the Mexican War, the question was whether new states admitted to the union would be pro slavery or free states. The Missouri Compromise passed in 1820 made a rule that prohibited slavery in states from the former Louisiana Purchase except in Missouri. During the Mexican War, conflict started about what would happen with the new territories that the US expected to gain if they were to win. The Missouri Compromise stated that anything above the Missouri state line would be free and anything below would be slave states. Next came the Annexation of Texas from Mexico. The Mexican-American War had major battles like the Alamo. However, Northerners did not want Texas to be accepted by the Union. Texas would be below the Missouri state line, which would make it a slave state and move slavery westward. The Kansas-Nebraska Act used popular sovereignty to decide whether or not they would be slave states, this act was shortly later passed by Congress. After Abraham Lincoln was elected as president South Carolina saw Lincoln's election as a change in power among the Union. Lincoln was a Northerner which put the south at a disadvantage to the south. South Carolina knew that once Northern power would come into play, slavery would end. This would put a complete stop to the South's economy. Because of this, South Carolina left the Union. Later, every other southern state would follow this trend contributing to the start of the war.
Northern vs. Southern economic differences - The increase in the number of plantations willing to move from other crops to cotton meant the greater need for a large amount of cheap labor: slaves. The southern economy became a one crop economy, depending on cotton and slavery. On the other hand, the northern economy was based more on industry than agriculture. Northern industries were purchasing the raw cotton and turning it into finished goods. This difference between the two set them far apart in economic attitudes. The South was based on the plantation system while the North was focused on city life. This change in the North meant that society evolved as people of different cultures and classes had to work together. On the other hand, the South continued to hold onto a social order of owners - slaves.
Uncle Tom's Cabin - Harriett Beecher Stowe had a goal while writing the famous Uncle Tom's Cabin: She wanted to portray the evils of slavery so a large part of the American public could easily see perspectives others hadn't. There were portrayals of how slaves were treated by their masters, some of whom were kind and some of whom were cruel. Stowe’s plot explained how slavery operated as a business. The buying and selling of humans provided major unexpected stories, and a particular focus on how the traffic in slaves separated families. Uncle Tom’s Cabin was first published in installments in a magazine. When it appeared as a book in 1852, it sold thousands of copies in the first year of publication. In the South, some states agreed it was illegal to even own a copy of the book. In southern newspapers Harriet Beecher Stowe was regularly portrayed as a liar and a villain, and feelings about her book hardened feelings against the North.
Election of Abraham Lincoln - When Lincoln was elected in 1860, South Carolina issued its “Declaration of the Causes of Secession.” They believed that Lincoln was anti-slavery and in favor of Northern interests. Before Lincoln was even president, seven states had seceded from the Union: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas.